Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:31

Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

1.7K
Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated....
1.7K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

241
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
241
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

251
The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
251
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

151
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
151
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

344
Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
344
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

1.2K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The effects of breath holding during high-intensity land-based ergometry in swimmers.

Physiological reports·2026
Same author

Apnea Testing for Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria in Adults: A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Methodology, Safety, and Duration.

Critical care explorations·2026
Same author

Event rates of patients with stable heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and newly diagnosed obstructive or central sleep apnoea.

European journal of heart failure·2026
Same author

Baroreflex activation therapy for resistant hypertension: promise present or passed?

Journal of hypertension·2026
Same author

Discordant ventilatory and efferent sympathetic responsiveness to peripheral and central chemoreflex stimulation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

European journal of heart failure·2026
Same author

Reflex Neurogenic Vasoconstriction When Patients With Heart Failure Exercise: Are Females More Sympathetic Than Males?

JACC. Advances·2026
Same journal

Physiological load and breath-holding in artistic swimming: a scoping review establishing historical baselines and evidence gaps in the context of the 2022-2025 rule changes.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Effects of blood flow restriction exercise interventions on patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Effects of resistance-type and cycling-type high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-body strength, and anaerobic fitness.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Model-based estimates of sex differences in peak power and fatigue index in track cyclists using directed acyclic graphs, inverse probability of treatment weighting, and Bayesian modeling.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Fine-tuning striated muscle performance: conserved sarcomere-level mechanisms across insect and vertebrate systems.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Effects of different dual-task trainings on gait and cortical activation during obstacle crossing in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Integration of Brain Tissue Saturation Monitoring in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure
04:20

Integration of Brain Tissue Saturation Monitoring in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure

Published on: October 1, 2019

6.0K

Measuring Peripheral Chemoreflex Hypersensitivity in Heart Failure.

Daniel A Keir1,2, James Duffin3,4,5, John S Floras1

  • 1University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Division of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Physiology
|January 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic sympathetic activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) can be targeted by intervening in the carotid body. A new rebreathing test can better identify patients who will benefit from these interventions.

Keywords:
carotid bodychemoreceptorshypercapniahypoxiasympathetic nervous systemventilation

More Related Videos

Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
05:58

Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: February 3, 2021

3.9K
Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
06:04

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

Published on: July 4, 2018

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Integration of Brain Tissue Saturation Monitoring in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure
04:20

Integration of Brain Tissue Saturation Monitoring in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure

Published on: October 1, 2019

6.0K
Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
05:58

Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: February 3, 2021

3.9K
Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
06:04

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

Published on: July 4, 2018

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Physiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is characterized by chronic sympathetic overactivity.
  • This sympathetic activation stems from compensatory reflexes and specific excitatory stimuli, leading to impaired organ function and reduced lifespan.
  • Increased carotid body chemoreflex sensitivity contributes to HFrEF pathophysiology and prognosis in a significant patient subset.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the accuracy of current methods for assessing peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in HFrEF patients.
  • To introduce a modified rebreathing test for comprehensive evaluation of ventilatory and sympathetic responses to chemoreflex stimulation.
  • To identify patients most likely to benefit from carotid body interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Critically evaluating conventional transient hypoxic tests for peripheral chemoreflex assessment.
  • Developing and demonstrating a modified rebreathing test.
  • Quantifying both ventilatory and sympathoneural efferent responses, including sensitivities and recruitment thresholds.

Main Results:

  • Conventional hypoxic tests may inaccurately assess peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity.
  • The modified rebreathing test provides a comprehensive assessment of chemoreflex responses.
  • This improved assessment can better identify individuals suited for carotid body interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Current methods for assessing peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in HFrEF are limited.
  • A modified rebreathing test offers a more accurate approach to identify patients for carotid body intervention.
  • This approach has the potential to optimize treatment strategies and improve outcomes in HFrEF.