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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Assessing glaucoma deterioration using Spaeth/Richman contrast sensitivity test.

Parul Ichhpujani¹, Tanu Singh², Sahil Thakur³

¹Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Sector-32, Chandigarh 160030, India.

Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology

|January 15, 2021

Summary

This study shows the Spaeth/Richman contrast sensitivity test (SPARCS) is a useful tool for monitoring vision changes in severe primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). SPARCS offers a reliable, accessible method for tracking disease progression, especially in resource-limited settings.

Keywords:

Spaeth/Richman contrast sensitivity test contrast sensitivity glaucoma

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Last Updated: Nov 21, 2025

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Visual Neuroscience

Background:

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
Monitoring functional vision changes is crucial for managing advanced glaucoma.
Existing imaging modalities may have limitations in assessing advanced glaucomatous damage.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate changes in contrast sensitivity using the Spaeth/Richman contrast sensitivity test (SPARCS) over 24 months in patients with severe POAG.
To assess the utility of SPARCS as a tool for monitoring functional vision in advanced glaucoma.

Main Methods:

A pilot, observational study involving 15 patients (30 eyes) with severe POAG.
Regular assessments of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anti-glaucoma drug usage, visual fields (MD, PSD), and SPARCS scores over 24 months.
Statistical analysis including correlation coefficients to evaluate the relationship between SPARCS scores and visual field parameters.

Main Results:

No statistically significant differences were found in visual field parameters or SPARCS scores related to the number or type of anti-glaucoma drugs.
A statistically significant correlation was observed between SPARCS scores and Mean Deviation (MD) at 12 months (r=0.391, p=0.03).
SPARCS demonstrated good reliability and consistency over the 24-month study period, with high correlation coefficients for repeated measures.

Conclusions:

The Spaeth/Richman contrast sensitivity test (SPARCS) is a valuable, inexpensive, and accessible tool for monitoring functional vision deterioration in severe POAG.
SPARCS serves as a reliable alternative to imaging modalities, particularly in resource-poor settings or when retinal nerve fiber layer measurements are affected by floor effects in advanced cases.