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Intercellular and interorgan crosstalk through adipocyte extracellular vesicles.

Clair Crewe1, Philipp E Scherer2,3

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|January 15, 2021
PubMed
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Adipocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that act as signaling messengers, influencing systemic metabolism. These adipocyte-derived EVs represent a novel endocrine system with therapeutic potential for metabolic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Keywords:
AdipocyteAdipose tissueDiabetesExosomeExtracellular vesicleObesity

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Cellular signaling
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Functional adipose tissue is crucial for maintaining metabolic balance.
  • Adipose tissue dysfunction, common in obesity, drives metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes.
  • Adipocytes secrete signaling molecules that regulate systemic metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their role in inter-tissue communication.
  • To highlight the importance of EV-mediated signaling in metabolic regulation.
  • To explore the potential of adipocyte EVs as therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating adipocyte extracellular vesicles (EVs).
  • Analysis of research on EV cargo, including proteins, RNA, and lipids.
  • Examination of studies demonstrating EV-mediated crosstalk between adipocytes and other cells/tissues.

Main Results:

  • Adipocytes release EVs containing diverse signaling molecules (proteins, RNA, lipids).
  • These EVs mediate communication between adipocytes and other tissues, influencing systemic metabolism.
  • Adipocyte EVs constitute an underappreciated endocrine system regulating metabolic pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Adipocyte-derived EVs play a significant role in metabolic regulation and inter-organ communication.
  • Understanding adipocyte EV signaling is key to comprehending metabolic homeostasis and disease.
  • Adipocyte EVs present a promising target for pharmacological interventions in obesity and related metabolic conditions.