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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Advanced High-Performance Potassium-Chalcogen (S, Se, Te) Batteries.

Xianglong Huang1, Jiachen Sun1, Liping Wang2

  • 1Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 15, 2021
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Summary

Potassium-chalcogen batteries (K-S, K-Se, K-Te) show promise as alternatives to lithium-ion batteries. This review covers recent advances, challenges, and strategies for developing high-performance potassium-based energy storage systems.

Keywords:
advanced chalcogen-based materialshigh performancepotassium-selenium batteriespotassium-sulfur batteriespotassium-tellurium batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Potassium-chalcogen batteries offer a promising complementary energy storage solution to lithium-ion technology.
  • Recent advancements highlight their potential for widespread adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in potassium-sulfur, potassium-selenium, potassium-selenium sulfide, and potassium-tellurium batteries.
  • To identify and address key challenges in chalcogen-based electrode performance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on potassium-chalcogen battery cathode materials.
  • Analysis of critical challenges including low conductivity, volumetric expansion, shuttle effect, and dendrite growth.

Main Results:

  • Overview of cathode material development for K-S, K-Se, K-Se$_{x}$S$_{y}$, and K-Te batteries.
  • Summary of key operational challenges and proposed mitigation strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Developing advanced cathode materials is crucial for high-performance potassium storage.
  • Strategies to overcome electrode limitations are essential for practical potassium-chalcogen battery applications.