When tumefactive demyelination is truly a tumor: case report of a radiographic misdiagnosis

Oligodendrogliomas are slow-growing tumors that account for 15-20% of gliomas. This case report describes the case of an adult male patient diagnosed initially with tumefactive demyelination and multiple sclerosis, which was subsequently found to be a well-differentiated low-grade oligodendroglioma. This case emphasizes the importance of timely diagnosis in oligodendrogliomas and other brain tumors for the prompt initiation of appropriate therapy, to minimize the likelihood of disease progression, ensure symptom management and escalation of unnecessary treatments for multiple sclerosis.