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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Viral Mutations00:36

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Generating Whole Bacterial Genomes from Clinical Samples using a Target Enrichment Workflow
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Metagenomics: preventing future pandemics.

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  • 1Future Science Ltd, Unitec House, 2 Albert Place, London, N3 1QB, UK.

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Metagenomic sequencing was vital for tracking COVID-19 outbreaks. This knowledge can enhance strategies for preventing and managing future pandemics effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Metagenomic sequencing proved crucial for real-time pathogen surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Effective tracing and outbreak management relied heavily on genomic data analysis.

Discussion:

  • The success of metagenomics in COVID-19 highlights its potential for broader infectious disease control.
  • Integrating genomic surveillance into public health infrastructure is essential for rapid response.

Key Insights:

  • Genomic data enables precise identification of transmission chains and pathogen evolution.
  • Proactive genomic monitoring can detect novel threats before widespread outbreaks occur.

Outlook:

  • Future pandemic preparedness requires robust, globally coordinated genomic surveillance networks.
  • Leveraging metagenomic insights will be critical for developing targeted interventions and vaccines.