Multiple Intraspinal Gangliogliomas in a Child With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Case Report and Literature Review

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated primary intramedullary spinal cord ganglioglioma has only rarely been reported. Because of frequent nonresectability, they pose significant management challenges despite clinical indolence. This report describes a 4-year-old girl with NF1 who was found to have multiple discrete, infiltrative intramedullary cord masses, and biopsy demonstrated World Health Organization grade I ganglioglioma. Panel-based next-generation sequencing showed her previously identified germline NF1 mutation and a second somatic NF1 mutation. This represents the first report of multiple primary intramedullary gangliogliomas in a child with NF1 and demonstrates how biopsy with panel-based next-generation sequencing provides potential targets for MAPK/MEK/BRAF pathway inhibitor therapy.