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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors
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CRISPR base editing applications for identifying cancer-driving mutations.

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  • 1WEHI (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Melbourne), Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.

Biochemical Society Transactions
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CRISPR base editing offers precise genome modification without DNA breaks, making it ideal for cancer research. This technology holds promise for modeling tumors, therapeutic editing, and functional screening in cancer-driving genes.

Keywords:
CRISPRbase editorcancer

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • CRISPR base editing is a powerful genome editing tool.
  • It introduces specific mutations without DNA double-strand breaks, reducing risks of chromosomal alterations and DNA damage responses.
  • Many cancers arise from point mutations in critical genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current DNA base editing technologies.
  • To discuss advancements in base editing for cancer research.
  • To identify existing challenges for its application in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CRISPR base editing technologies.
  • Analysis of recent advancements and applications in cancer research.
  • Identification of hurdles for clinical and research use.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR base editing enables precise point mutation introduction without DNA double-strand breaks.
  • This technology is highly promising for modeling cancer development.
  • Applications include therapeutic editing and functional screening of cancer genes.

Conclusions:

  • Base editing is a valuable tool for cancer research due to its precision and safety profile.
  • Further advancements are needed to overcome existing hurdles for widespread application.
  • Base editing holds significant potential for cancer modeling, therapy, and screening.