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Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

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The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
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Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

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Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
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Artificial Lung Device Priming for In Situ Fiber Bundle Surface Grafting
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Blood Oxygenation Using Fluoropolymer-Based Artificial Lung Membranes.

Ahrumi Park1, Yejin Song1, Eunsung Yi1,2

  • 1Membrane Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|January 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

New amphiphobic fluoropolymer membranes offer improved biocompatibility for artificial lungs (AL). These advanced membranes reduce blood coagulation and hemolysis, enhancing patient safety during oxygenation procedures.

Keywords:
artificial lungblood oxygenationextracorporeal membrane oxygenatorsfluoropolymershemocompatibility

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Medical Device Engineering

Background:

  • Current artificial lung (AL) membranes, made from polypropylene and polymethylpentene, exhibit poor biocompatibility, causing blood coagulation and hemolysis.
  • Long-term use of existing AL technology is limited by these adverse biological reactions.
  • There is a critical need for advanced AL membranes with enhanced hemocompatibility and durability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new generation of artificial lung membranes using amphiphobic fluoropolymers.
  • To optimize membrane structure and surface properties for improved biocompatibility and blood oxygenation.
  • To evaluate the performance of novel fluoropolymer membranes compared to current commercial standards.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of macrovoid-free membranes using poly(vinylidene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) with optimized pore sizes (30-50 nm).
  • Investigation of phase inversion behavior for structural optimization of PVDF-co-HFP membranes.
  • Surface modification via coating with Hyflon AD60X (a low surface energy fluoropolymer) to enhance wetting stability.
  • Assessment of protein adsorption, contact angles (water and blood), and blood oxygenation performance using sheep blood.

Main Results:

  • PVDF-co-HFP membranes exhibited optimal pore size and macrovoid-free structure.
  • Hyflon-coated membranes demonstrated significantly reduced protein adsorption and high contact angles for water and blood.
  • An inverse relationship between surface free energy and protein adsorption was observed, indicating improved biocompatibility.
  • Fluoropolymer membranes achieved competitive blood oxygenation performance comparable to commercial polyolefin membranes, with no detectable hemolysis.
  • Blood-phase mass transfer rate, not membrane permeance, was identified as the limiting factor in oxygenation performance.

Conclusions:

  • Amphiphobic fluoropolymer membranes represent a promising advancement for artificial lung technology.
  • The developed membranes show superior biocompatibility, reducing risks of blood coagulation and hemolysis.
  • Further research should focus on module design to optimize mass transfer for enhanced artificial lung performance.