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Generating Giant Vortex in a Fermi Superfluid via Spin-Orbital-Angular-Momentum Coupling.

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Spin-orbital-angular-momentum (SOAM) coupling stabilizes vortices in Fermi superfluids. This novel mechanism creates giant vortex states with tunable sizes, offering new insights into topological defects.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Fluids

Background:

  • Spin-orbital-angular-momentum (SOAM) coupling has been experimentally realized in Bose-Einstein condensates, inducing quantized vortices.
  • The potential of SOAM coupling in Fermi superfluids for novel pairing schemes and superfluid phases remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate how SOAM coupling can stabilize vortices in Fermi superfluids.
  • To explore the unique mechanism behind SOAM-induced vortex stabilization.
  • To investigate the properties and potential applications of these vortex states.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation of SOAM coupling in Fermi superfluids.
  • Analysis of vortex stabilization mechanisms analogous to spin-orbit coupling effects.
  • Characterization of vortex size and core structure influenced by Raman laser parameters.

Main Results:

  • SOAM coupling stabilizes vortices in Fermi superfluids via an angular analog of the spin-orbit-coupling-induced Fulde-Ferrell state.
  • The resulting vortex size is comparable to the Raman laser beam waist, significantly larger than previously observed vortices.
  • Tunable size and core structure of these giant vortex states were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • SOAM coupling offers a novel pathway to create and control topological defects in Fermi superfluids.
  • Giant vortex states in Fermi superfluids provide unprecedented experimental access to fundamental physics.
  • This work opens new avenues for exploring exotic superfluid phases and pairing schemes.