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Cell-Based Tracers as Trojan Horses for Image-Guided Surgery.

Vincent Q Sier1, Margreet R de Vries1, Joost R van der Vorst1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Surgeons can improve tissue recognition during surgery using novel cell-based contrast agents for image-guided surgery (IGS). These active tracers offer enhanced targeting of pathological tissues compared to traditional passive agents.

Keywords:
cell-based imagingextracellular vesicleleukocytemagnetic resonance imagingmesenchymal stromal cellmicroorganismsnanoparticlenear-infrarednuclear imagingplatelets

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Innovation
  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Current surgical methods rely heavily on surgeon's direct visualization and palpation, limiting precise identification of diseased tissues.
  • Inaccurate tissue differentiation during surgery can lead to incomplete resection and complications.
  • Targeted image-guided surgery (IGS) aims to enhance real-time tissue recognition for improved surgical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging field of cell-based tracers for image-guided surgery (IGS).
  • To explore 'active' probe delivery systems as alternatives to conventional 'passive' tracers.
  • To highlight the potential of active contrast agents for precise targeting of pathological tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on targeting agents for IGS.
  • Analysis of 'passive' tracers (antibodies, peptides) with radiolabels (PET, SPECT), MRI labels, or NIRF dyes.
  • Exploration of 'active' contrast agents including living cells, cell fragments, microorganisms, and engineered nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Conventional tracers are 'passive', requiring preoperative administration and relying on inherent targeting properties.
  • 'Active' contrast agents utilize biological entities (cells, microbes) or advanced nanoparticles for potentially more efficient and specific tissue homing.
  • These active agents show promise for targeting tumors and conditions like atherosclerotic plaques.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-based and engineered nanoparticle tracers represent a significant advancement over traditional passive agents for IGS.
  • Active contrast agents offer improved specificity and efficiency in identifying pathological tissues during surgery.
  • This approach holds potential to revolutionize surgical precision and patient outcomes.