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Identifying Best Implementation Practices for Smoking Cessation in Complex Cancer Settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Evidence highlights health benefits of smoking cessation during cancer diagnosis.
  • Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) mandated smoking cessation interventions (SCI) in Regional Cancer Centres (RCCs).
  • RCCs had flexibility in implementation but required tobacco screening, cessation advice, and referral.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify practices influencing successful SCI implementation across RCCs.
  • To understand context-specific factors affecting intervention delivery.

Main Methods:

  • A realist evaluation approach was utilized.
  • Examined intervention mechanisms, contexts, and outcomes.
  • Focused on understanding what works, for whom, and in what circumstances.

Main Results:

  • Highest Tobacco Screening Rates were associated with centralized systems.
  • Robust smoking cessation training led to 80-100% advice and referral rates in three RCCs.
  • Five RCCs exceeded targets for Accepted Referral Rates, with highest acceptance for internal referrals.

Conclusions:

  • Centralized systems and comprehensive training are key factors for successful SCI implementation.
  • Understanding contextual interactions is vital for effective intervention strategies.
  • Findings offer insights for optimizing smoking cessation support in cancer care settings.