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(Oligo)metastasis as a Spectrum of Disease
Stanley I Gutiontov1, Sean P Pitroda1, Phuoc T Tran2
1Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Cancer Research
|January 16, 2021
Summary
Cancer metastasis, a major cause of death, is now viewed as a spectrum. Recent trials show metastasis-directed therapies improve outcomes for oligometastatic cancer patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality.
- Most solid tumor metastases are historically considered incurable.
- Understanding metastasis as a spectrum is evolving.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the evolving understanding of the oligometastatic state.
- To highlight clinical trials on metastasis-directed therapies.
- To explore biological determinants of the metastatic spectrum.
Main Methods:
- Review of prospective clinical trials.
- Discussion of biological factors (genetic, epigenetic, immune).
- Analysis of clinical trial design for oligometastatic disease.
Main Results:
- Prospective trials show improved cancer-specific outcomes with metastasis-directed local therapies.
- Biological factors influence the metastatic spectrum.
- The concept of cancer metastasis as a spectrum is supported by emerging data.
Conclusions:
- Metastasis-directed therapies offer promise for oligometastatic disease.
- Further research into the biological determinants of metastasis is warranted.
- Optimized clinical trial designs are needed for this patient population.
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