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The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
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Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

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Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Extracellular Matrix01:26

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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A Rapid, Scalable Method for the Isolation, Functional Study, and Analysis of Cell-derived Extracellular Matrix
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Non-coding RNAs modulate function of extracellular matrix proteins.

Nader Akbari Dilmaghnai1, Hamed Shoorei2, Guive Sharifi1

  • 1Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|January 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), significantly impact the extracellular matrix (ECM). Their dysregulation is linked to human diseases like fibrosis, cancer, and heart conditions.

Keywords:
ExpressionExtracellular matrixlncRNAmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of molecules essential for cellular function.
  • Alterations in ECM composition contribute to various human diseases.
  • Non-coding RNAs are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles in biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating the ECM.
  • To explore the connection between non-coding RNA-mediated ECM changes and human disease pathophysiology.
  • To highlight specific lncRNAs and miRNAs implicated in ECM-related disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on non-coding RNAs and ECM.
  • Analysis of dysregulated miRNAs (e.g., miR-21, miR-29) in ECM-associated conditions.
  • Examination of altered lncRNA expression (e.g., MALAT1, XIST) in ECM modification.

Main Results:

  • Specific miRNAs are dysregulated in diseases involving ECM breakdown.
  • Expression of various lncRNAs is altered in conditions with modified ECM components.
  • Non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in ECM regulation.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs and miRNAs are key players in ECM modification.
  • Dysregulation of these non-coding RNAs contributes to the pathophysiology of human disorders.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers potential therapeutic targets for diseases like fibrosis, cardiomyopathy, and cancer.