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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Immunity is a crucial biological concept about our body's inherent capacity to prevent infections and diseases. A complex network of cells and tissues collectively known as the immune system facilitates this natural defense mechanism. The immune system plays an integral role in maintaining our health and well-being, shielding us from potential health threats.
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T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells
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Trained innate immunity.

Borros Arneth1

  • 1Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg, UKGM, Feulgenstr 12, 35339, Giessen, Germany. borros.arneth@klinchemie.med.uni-giessen.de.

Immunologic Research
|January 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Trained immunity, influenced by metabolic and epigenetic changes, enhances innate immune cells to fight pathogens. While lacking long-term memory, these cells offer cross-protection against reinfection.

Keywords:
Immune cellsInnate immunityMechanismsTraining

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Pathogen Response

Background:

  • The innate immune system provides rapid, non-specific defense but lacks immunological memory.
  • Trained immunity is a concept suggesting innate immune cells can develop a form of memory.
  • This phenomenon is thought to be influenced by intracellular metabolic pathways and epigenetic remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and explore the topic of trained innate immunity.
  • To synthesize findings from previous studies on trained innate immunity.
  • To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying trained innate immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of relevant literature.
  • Literature search conducted on PubMed using specific keywords and Boolean operators.
  • Analysis of identified articles focusing on trained innate immunity.

Main Results:

  • Limited knowledge exists regarding the molecular and cellular processes of trained innate immunity in animals.
  • Alterations in cell population phenotypes and numbers are implicated in mediating trained immune responses.
  • Evidence suggests heightened innate immune cell activation contributes to secondary infection defense, not solely adaptive immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Trained innate immune cells offer shorter-term memory and cross-protection against pathogens.
  • Understanding trained innate immunity reveals key features of the human immune response.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and molecules involved in trained innate immunity and host defense.