Recent Developments in Magnesium Metal-Matrix Composites for Biomedical Applications: A Review

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Materials Engineering
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are gaining attention for degradable biomaterial applications due to their favorable physical properties, including low density and Young's modulus, and good biocompatibility.
• However, pure Mg suffers from issues like rapid corrosion and low yield strength, necessitating modifications for effective biomedical use.
• Recent research focuses on developing Mg-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) to enhance these properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of recent developments in Mg-based MMCs for biomedical applications.
• To analyze the impact of bioactive reinforcements and processing techniques on the properties of Mg composites.
• To summarize the mechanical, corrosion, and biological responses of these advanced Mg composite biomaterials.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on recent advancements in Mg-based composite preparation for biomedical applications.
• Analysis of studies detailing the incorporation of bioactive and bioresorbable reinforcements into Mg matrices.
• Evaluation of various processing techniques employed for creating Mg-based composites.
• Compilation and synthesis of data on mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biological responses.

Main Results:

• Mg-based composites, utilizing bioactive reinforcements, demonstrate improved mechanical strength and controlled corrosion rates compared to pure Mg.
• Various processing techniques have been successfully employed to create homogenous and functional Mg-MMCs.
• These composites exhibit promising biocompatibility and bioresorbability, crucial for tissue regeneration and temporary implants.
• Significant progress has been made in tailoring Mg composite properties for specific biomedical requirements.

Conclusions:

• Mg-based composites represent a promising class of degradable biomaterials for various medical applications.
• Continued research into novel reinforcements and advanced processing is key to optimizing performance and expanding clinical use.
• Future perspectives include further refinement of Mg composites for enhanced osteointegration and tailored degradation profiles.