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3D Printing of Vascular Tubes Using Bioelastomer Prepolymers by Freeform Reversible Embedding.

Houman Savoji1,2, Locke Davenport Huyer1,3,2, Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi3,2

  • 1Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|January 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel, fast-photocrosslinkable bioelastomers for 3D printing. These versatile materials enable the creation of functional vascular tubes for tissue engineering and organs-on-a-chip applications.

Keywords:
3D printingbioelastomersendothelializationextrusion-based printingfreeform reversible embeddingmicrovasculatureorgans-on-a-chipvascular tube

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • 3D Printing Technology

Background:

  • Bioelastomers offer mechanical stability and versatility for tissue engineering.
  • Traditional 3D printing struggles with bioelastomers due to low elastic modulus and long gelation times.
  • Existing 3D printing methods favor hydrogels and rigid polyesters over bioelastomers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile 3D printing approach for bioelastomers.
  • To synthesize novel, fast-photocrosslinkable bioelastomer prepolymers.
  • To create functional vascular microstructures for tissue engineering and organs-on-a-chip.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of novel bioelastomer prepolymers from dimethyl itaconate, 1,8-octanediol, and triethyl citrate.
  • Utilized freeform reversible embedding of suspended prepolymers for 3D printing.
  • Fabricated tubular structures using secondary hydrogel support and photocrosslinking.
  • Assessed material properties, cell viability, proliferation, and permeability.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized fast-photocrosslinkable bioelastomers with Young's moduli of 11-53 kPa.
  • Demonstrated successful cultivation and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
  • Created permeable polymer microtubes suitable for organs-on-a-chip assembly.
  • Confirmed endothelialization for potential vascular tube applications.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a versatile 3D printing method for bioelastomers using suspended prepolymers.
  • Created functional vascular microtubes with potential for tissue engineering and organs-on-a-chip.
  • The novel bioelastomers support cell viability and vascularization, offering a promising platform for regenerative medicine.