Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structure Enhances Neuroelectrode Charge Transfer Capabilities and Modulates Astrocyte...

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomaterials Engineering
• Implantable Electronics

Background:

• Brain machine interfaces (BMIs) enable communication with the central nervous system (CNS).
• Signal deterioration in BMIs is caused by reactive gliosis and implant encapsulation.
• Improving long-term neuroelectrode functionality requires reducing tissue response.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop nanotopographically functionalized electrodes to mitigate tissue encapsulation.
• To investigate the impact of surface modifications on electrode performance and neural cell behavior.
• To enhance the longevity and efficacy of brain machine interfaces.

Main Methods:

• Platinum iridium microelectrodes were functionalized with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS).
• Surface topographies were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
• Electrochemical properties were evaluated via impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
• In vitro neural cell responses were assessed using microscopy, ELISA, and protein array analysis.

Main Results:

• LIPSS functionalization improved electrode electrochemical properties.
• Nanotopographical features promoted neural cell alignment.
• Modulation of ion channel expression involved in neuronal functions was observed.
• Reduced tissue encapsulation and improved signal stability are suggested.

Conclusions:

• Nanoscale surface engineering of electrodes can overcome key challenges in brain machine interface technology.
• LIPSS offer a promising strategy for enhancing neuroelectrode performance and biocompatibility.
• This approach holds potential for advancing the clinical application of BMIs.