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Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in the Malaysian Community: Prevalence, Under-Detection and Under-Treatment

Yung-An Chua1, Aimi Zafira Razman1, Anis Safura Ramli1,2

  • 1Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh.

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
|January 18, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is common in Malaysia, with a prevalence of 1:100. Most FH patients are under-detected and do not reach treatment targets, increasing coronary artery disease risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a prevalent autosomal dominant lipid disorder causing severe hypercholesterolaemia.
  • Early intervention in FH can mitigate the risk of premature coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • Data on FH prevalence, detection, and treatment control in Malaysia are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of FH in the Malaysian community.
  • To assess the detection rates and treatment control of FH patients.
  • To highlight the need for improved public health strategies for FH management.

Main Methods:

  • A community-based study involving 5130 participants across Malaysia.
  • Collection of blood samples for lipid profiles and glucose levels.
  • Clinical screening for FH using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Criteria, including family history and physical examination for xanthomata and corneal arcus.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of clinically diagnosed FH was found to be 1:100 (55 out of 5130 participants).
  • An estimated 320,000 individuals in Malaysia have FH, with a detection rate of only 0.5%.
  • Despite prescription of lipid-lowering medications to over half of potential FH patients, none achieved the target LDL-c levels.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of FH in Malaysia is higher than in many global populations.
  • FH patients in Malaysia are significantly under-detected and undertreated, failing to meet therapeutic LDL-c targets.
  • Enhanced public health initiatives are crucial for early FH detection and effective treatment to prevent premature CAD.
Abstract

Keywords:
Familial hypercholesterolaemiaMalaysiaPrevalenceUnder-detectedUnder-treated

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