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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C
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L-Ascorbic Acid in the Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer Development and Stem Cell Reprogramming.

A P Kovina1, N V Petrova1, S V Razin1

  • 1Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia.

Acta Naturae
|January 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) shows potential as an epigenetic drug by reducing DNA and histone hypermethylation. This mechanism supports its use in cancer therapy and regenerative medicine for stem cell reprogramming.

Keywords:
cancerchromatinepigenomestem cellsvitamin C

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Recent research deepens the understanding of L-ascorbic acid (ASC, vitamin C) mechanisms.
  • Emerging hypotheses support ASC's clinical application potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how ASC influences cellular epigenetic status.
  • To explore ASC's therapeutic potential in anticancer strategies and stem cell reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on ASC's molecular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of ASC's role in DNA and histone demethylation.
  • Examination of ASC's impact on somatic cell reprogramming and iPSC production.

Main Results:

  • ASC may function as an epigenetic drug by mitigating aberrant DNA and histone hypermethylation.
  • ASC enhances the activity of enzymes crucial for active DNA and histone demethylation.
  • ASC's effects are linked to regenerative medicine, particularly in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation.

Conclusions:

  • ASC's epigeneticmodulating properties offer therapeutic avenues for cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • ASC significantly aids somatic cell reprogramming, validated by its enhancement of demethylation enzymes.
  • Further clinical investigation into ASC as an epigenetic therapeutic agent is warranted.