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Concomitant of Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst and Aspergilloma: A Rare Coinfection

Zahra Zareshahrabadi1, Bahador Sarkari1, Nadereh Shamsolvaezin2

  • 1Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases
|January 18, 2021
PubMed

Insights

This case report details a rare instance of pulmonary hydatid cyst coinfected with Aspergillus niger in an immunocompetent patient. This finding highlights the importance of considering fungal coinfection in cystic echinococcosis management.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic infection, while aspergillosis is a fungal infection.
  • Pulmonary cavities from various causes can be colonized by Aspergillus species.
  • Coinfection of pulmonary hydatid cysts with aspergilloma is rare, particularly in immunocompetent individuals.

Observation:

  • A 42-year-old immunocompetent man presented with a coinfection of lung hydatid cyst and aspergilloma.
  • Imaging revealed cystic lesions suggestive of hydatid cysts.
  • Histopathology confirmed the hydatid cyst and identified Aspergillus species morphology.

Findings:

  • The fungal isolate was identified as Aspergillus niger through DNA sequencing of the ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 region.
  • The ectocyst layer of the hydatid cyst showed evidence of Aspergillus colonization.
  • This represents an unusual coinfection in an immunocompetent host with an unruptured cyst.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the need for vigilance regarding fungal pathogens in pulmonary hydatidosis.
  • Aspergilloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis for better management of CE.
  • Further research into the mechanisms and prevalence of such coinfections is warranted.

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