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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
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Decoding Covid-19 with the SARS-CoV-2 Genome.

Phoebe Ellis1, Ferenc Somogyvári2, Dezső P Virok2

  • 1School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.

Current Genetic Medicine Reports
|January 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The SARS-CoV-2 genome, responsible for COVID-19, likely originated in bats but its exact emergence remains unclear. Viral evolution may enhance transmission, complicating diagnosis despite ongoing research.

Keywords:
Covid-19DiagnosisGenome analysisPandemicSARS-CoV-2qPCR

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019, causing the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Understanding the SARS-CoV-2 genome is crucial for comprehending its emergence, evolution, and diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key details of the SARS-CoV-2 genome.
  • To aid understanding of the virus's origin, evolutionary trajectory, and diagnostic challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic sequence analysis.
  • Comparative genomics to identify origins and evolutionary relationships.
  • Review of current diagnostic methodologies.

Main Results:

  • High sequence similarity suggests a bat origin for SARS-CoV-2, though an intermediate host is undiscovered.
  • The spike (S) gene is critical for binding human ACE2, indicating adaptation for human transmission.
  • The virus undergoes subtle mutations that may increase transmissibility, with limited evidence of attenuation.

Conclusions:

  • The precise emergence pathway of SARS-CoV-2 from bats remains elusive.
  • Ongoing viral evolution necessitates adaptable diagnostic strategies beyond standard qPCR.
  • Immunoassay-based diagnostics are emerging as alternatives to RNA-based methods.