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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Two-photon Imaging of Microglial Processes' Attraction Toward ATP or Serotonin in Acute Brain Slices
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Dopamine induces functional extracellular traps in microglia.

Ishan Agrawal1, Nidhi Sharma1,2, Shivanjali Saxena1

  • 1Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India.

Iscience
|January 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Dopamine (DA) induces DNA-based extracellular traps in microglia, a key component of innate immunity. These functional traps capture bacteria and are found in glioblastoma, suggesting a role for DA in neuroinflammation.

Keywords:
Cell BiologyCellular NeuroscienceImmunologyMolecular Biology

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Neuroscience

Background:

  • Dopamine (DA) is crucial for motor control, motivation, and behavior reinforcement.
  • The role of dopamine in regulating innate immunity, particularly in microglia, remains largely undefined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of dopamine on microglia and its potential role in innate immunity.
  • To determine if dopamine can induce extracellular trap formation in microglia.
  • To explore the presence and function of these traps in the context of glioblastoma.

Main Methods:

  • Primary adult human microglia and BV2 microglia cell line were treated with dopamine.
  • DNA-based extracellular trap formation was assessed, along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, actin polymerization, and cell death.
  • The functional capacity of the traps was evaluated by their ability to capture fluorescein (FITC)-tagged Escherichia coli.
  • Microglial extracellular traps were analyzed in patient-derived Glioblastoma multiforme samples.

Main Results:

  • Dopamine induced the formation of DNA-based extracellular traps in both primary human microglia and the BV2 cell line.
  • Trap formation was independent of reactive oxygen species, actin polymerization, and cell death.
  • These microglial extracellular traps demonstrated functionality by capturing Escherichia coli, even when ROS production or actin polymerization was inhibited.
  • Microglial extracellular traps were detected in Glioblastoma multiforme tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine actively induces the formation of functional DNA-based extracellular traps in microglia.
  • These dopamine-induced microglial traps play a role in innate immunity and bacterial capture.
  • The presence of these traps in Glioblastoma multiforme, a dopamine-secreting tumor, highlights dopamine's significant role in sterile neuroinflammation.