Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Indeterminate Structure01:18

Indeterminate Structure

1.1K
Indeterminate structures refer to structures where internal forces and reactions cannot be determined using only the equations of static equilibrium.  Indeterminate structures have more unknown forces and reaction forces than equations of static equilibrium that can be used to determine them. Indeterminate structures are often used in engineering to create complex, efficient, and aesthetically pleasing structures. There are various types of indeterminate structures used in engineering and...
1.1K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

46.3K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
46.3K
Support Reactions in Three Dimensions01:27

Support Reactions in Three Dimensions

1.4K
Support reactions in three dimensions help maintain the stability and equilibrium of various structures and systems. These reactions prevent the system from translating and rotating, ensuring the design can withstand external forces and perform its intended function efficiently and safely. Some of the supports providing support reactions in three dimensions are discussed below:
Ball and Socket Joint is one of the supports allowing free rotation about any axis. This freedom of rotation is...
1.4K
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

445
Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
445
Three-Dimensional Force System01:30

Three-Dimensional Force System

2.6K
In mechanical engineering, a three-dimensional force system is a system of forces acting in three dimensions, with forces applied along the x, y, and z coordinate axes. The three-dimensional force system is an important concept in mechanical engineering, as it allows engineers to understand and analyze the behavior of objects and structures in three dimensions. By understanding the forces acting on a system, engineers can design more efficient and effective mechanical systems that can withstand...
2.6K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

16.9K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
16.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spatiomotor dynamics of hand movements during the drawing of memory-guided trajectories without visual feedback.

Journal of neurophysiology·2025
Same author

Advanced computational model of rod ERG kinetics.

Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology·2024
Same author

Brain trauma impacts retinal processing: photoreceptor pathway interactions in traumatic light sensitivity.

Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology·2022
Same author

On the Power and Legitimacy of Follow-Up Testing.

Perception·2022
Same author

The Intersection of Visual Science and Art in Renaissance Italy.

Perception·2020
Same author

Dynamic Amodal Completion Through the Magic Wand Illusion.

i-Perception·2020
Same journal

Skeletal structure and makeup effects in facial attractiveness judgments.

Perception·2026
Same journal

Predictive models and parameter analysis for multiple tactile perceptions in skin-wet fabrics interface.

Perception·2026
Same journal

High-resolution kitsch by AI: Why society needs art, not more AI content.

Perception·2026
Same journal

Benchmarking spatial discrimination thresholds of two-frame motion defined forms compared to luminance and stereoscopic defined forms.

Perception·2026
Same journal

The effect of face masks on the perception of trustworthiness and competence in individuals with autistic traits.

Perception·2026
Same journal

The importance of external features for categorizing ethnicity: can Koreans identify Korean, Japanese, and Chinese faces?

Perception·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Visualization of Endosome Dynamics in Living Nerve Terminals with Four-dimensional Fluorescence Imaging
10:51

Visualization of Endosome Dynamics in Living Nerve Terminals with Four-dimensional Fluorescence Imaging

Published on: April 16, 2014

9.2K

A Live Experience of Four-Dimensional Structure.

Christopher W Tyler1

  • 1City University of London, UK.

Perception
|January 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored selective attention and perceptual alternations in the fourth dimension using the 4D hypercube. Dynamic 3D interpretations of the hypercube

Keywords:
3D perceptionattentiondeptheye movementsperceptual organizationrivalry/bistabilityspatiotemporal factors

More Related Videos

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration
05:05

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Published on: November 23, 2019

8.3K
4D Microscopy of Yeast
12:00

4D Microscopy of Yeast

Published on: April 28, 2019

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 21, 2025

Visualization of Endosome Dynamics in Living Nerve Terminals with Four-dimensional Fluorescence Imaging
10:51

Visualization of Endosome Dynamics in Living Nerve Terminals with Four-dimensional Fluorescence Imaging

Published on: April 16, 2014

9.2K
Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration
05:05

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Published on: November 23, 2019

8.3K
4D Microscopy of Yeast
12:00

4D Microscopy of Yeast

Published on: April 28, 2019

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Mathematical Psychology
  • Higher-Dimensional Geometry

Background:

  • Selective attention is extensively studied for two-dimensional (2D) patterns.
  • Perceptual alternations are well-documented for three-dimensional (3D) structures projected into 2D, exemplified by the Necker cube.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the concepts of selective attention and perceptual alternations to the spatial fourth dimension.
  • To investigate the mathematical structure of the 4D hypercube through perceptual processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized orthographic projection to represent the 4D hypercube in a 2D outline figure.
  • Analyzed the dynamic perceptual interpretations of the projected 4D hypercube.

Main Results:

  • The 2D outline of the 4D hypercube yielded multiple, highly dynamic percepts.
  • Observed up to 28 distinct 3D interpretations, representing local 3D views of the 4D hypercube.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous perceptual processing operations offer direct insights into conceptual structures in the fourth dimension.
  • The study demonstrates a novel approach to understanding higher-dimensional geometry via visual perception.