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Smart Shell-by-Shell Nanoparticles with Tunable Perylene Fluorescence in the Organic Interlayer.

Lisa M S Stiegler¹, Stefanie Klein², Carola Kryschi²

¹Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|January 18, 2021

Summary

New shell-by-shell functionalized aluminum oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with a perylene core offer tunable fluorescence for biological imaging. Their dispersibility and cellular uptake mechanisms, dependent on NP agglomeration, are detailed.

Keywords:

amphiphiles fluorescent imaging hydro-, lipo-, fluoro-philic/phobic perylene chromophore shell-by-shell (SbS)-functionalization

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Functionalized nanoparticles are crucial for advanced imaging techniques.
Controlling nanoparticle surface properties impacts their biological interactions.
Perylene derivatives serve as effective fluorescent markers.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce novel shell-by-shell (SbS)-functionalized aluminum oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with a perylene core.
To investigate the tuning of perylene fluorescence based on nanoparticle surface modifications.
To evaluate the potential of these NPs for biological fluorescent imaging applications.

Main Methods:

Functionalization of Al2O3 NPs with perylene phosphonic acid and either lipophilic or fluorophilic phosphonic acids.
Further modification with specific amphiphiles to create distinct surface properties.
Assessment of NP dispersibility in aqueous and biological media.
Evaluation of cellular uptake mechanisms and efficiency in various cell types.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized SbS-functionalized Al2O3 NPs with tunable perylene fluorescence.
Demonstrated excellent dispersibility in water and biological media.
Observed differential cellular uptake based on NP agglomeration: endocytosis for larger aggregates and direct membrane crossing for individualized NPs.
Showed preferential incorporation of larger NP agglomerates by cells.

Conclusions:

SbS-functionalized NPs offer a versatile platform for fluorescent imaging.
Surface chemistry dictates NP dispersibility and biological interactions.
NP agglomeration significantly influences cellular uptake pathways and efficiency.
These NPs show promise for in vitro and in vivo imaging applications.