NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases: Pathophysiological and pharmacological implications

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Immunology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is increasingly recognized for its role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
• Pathophysiological mechanisms linking NLRP3 inflammasome signaling to conditions such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis are under intense investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of clinical and preclinical studies on the NLRP3 inflammasome in CVD pathophysiology.
• To summarize current evidence on therapeutic strategies targeting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling for CVD management.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of human and animal studies.
• Analysis of preclinical and clinical data on NLRP3 inflammasome involvement in CVDs.
• Evaluation of pharmacological interventions targeting NLRP3.

Main Results:

• NLRP3 inflammasome activation is implicated in hypertension, myocardial infarct, ischemic injury, cardiomyopathies, heart failure, and atherosclerosis.
• Pharmacological blockade of NLRP3 pathways, using drugs, biologics, and phytochemicals, demonstrates therapeutic promise.
• Evidence supports NLRP3 targeting as a potential strategy for CVD prevention and treatment.

Conclusions:

• The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical mediator in the pathogenesis of diverse cardiovascular diseases.
• Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling represents a promising therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular conditions.
• Further research into NLRP3-targeted therapies could lead to novel treatments for CVDs.