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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

123
Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
123
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

145
Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
145
Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management01:25

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

163
Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.
163
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

108
The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
108
Location and Orientation of the Heart01:13

Location and Orientation of the Heart

6.8K
The human heart, despite its modest size and weight, is an organ of remarkable strength and endurance. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart weighs between 250 and 350 grams and is nestled within the mediastinum, the medial cavity of the thorax. It extends obliquely for about 12 to 14 cm, resting on the superior surface of the diaphragm. The heart is positioned anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum, with two-thirds of its mass lying to the left of the midsternal line.
6.8K
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

149
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
149

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An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model
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Pericardial Involvement in Cancer.

Johnny Chahine1, Shashank Shekhar2, Gauranga Mahalwar1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

The American Journal of Cardiology
|January 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cancer patients frequently experience pericardial diseases like pericarditis and effusion due to cancer itself or its treatments. Early detection and management of these cardiac conditions are vital for improving patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Malignancy presents significant challenges, with many patients developing pericardial involvement.
  • Pericardial diseases, including pericarditis, effusion, and constrictive pericarditis, complicate cancer care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on pericardial involvement in cancer patients.
  • To highlight the importance of early detection and prompt treatment of these cardiac conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pericardial diseases in oncology.
  • Analysis of etiological factors contributing to pericardial involvement in cancer.

Main Results:

  • Pericardial involvement in cancer arises from direct metastasis, hemorrhage, infections, and cancer therapies (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation).
  • Pericardial effusion is a common finding, significantly impacting morbidity and mortality, with potential for cardiac tamponade.
  • Constrictive pericarditis can result from radiation, chemotherapy, or prior pericarditis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding pericardial diseases in cancer patients is crucial.
  • Early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential for improving quality of life and prognosis.