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Working memory capacity modulates expectancy-based strategic processing: Behavioral and electrophysiological

Sergio Fernández1, Juan José Ortells2, Markus Kiefer3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.

Biological Psychology
|January 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive control strategies shift with working memory capacity (WMC). Higher WMC individuals show reversed Stroop-priming effects at longer stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), indicating flexible strategic processing.

Keywords:
Expectancy-based strategic processesIndividual differences in working memory capacityN2 ERP componentSOA intervalsStroop priming effects

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Expectancy-based strategic processes are crucial for cognitive control.
  • Working memory capacity (WMC) influences cognitive flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how WMC modulates event-related brain activity during expectancy-based Stroop-priming.
  • To examine the impact of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) on cognitive control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a Stroop-priming task with varying prime-target congruency and SOA (300 ms vs. 700 ms).
  • Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and behavioral responses were recorded.
  • Working memory capacity (WMC) was assessed using a change localization task.

Main Results:

  • At 300 ms SOA, all participants showed a Stroop-priming congruency effect and increased N2 amplitude for incongruent trials.
  • At 700 ms SOA, lower-WMC participants exhibited enhanced N2 for incongruent trials.
  • Higher-WMC participants showed a reversed Stroop-priming effect and absent N2 at 700 ms SOA.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory capacity significantly influences the implementation of cognitive control strategies.
  • Higher WMC facilitates adaptive strategic adjustments in response to expectancy violations, particularly at longer SOAs.
  • Brain activity patterns (N2 component) reflect these WMC-dependent strategic shifts during Stroop-priming.