[Anorexia nervosa: Abnormalities in hematological and biochemical parameters]

Area of Science:

• Internal Medicine
• Hematology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Anorexia nervosa frequently presents with hematological and biochemical abnormalities.
• These are primarily attributed to malnutrition, weight loss, and purging behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the spectrum of hematological and biochemical abnormalities in anorexia nervosa.
• To emphasize the importance of monitoring and managing these parameters for patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of hematological and biochemical findings in anorexia nervosa.
• Analysis of the relationship between malnutrition and specific parameter alterations.

Main Results:

• Common findings include moderate anemia, leukopenia, hydroelectrolytic disorders, renal impairment, elevated liver enzymes, hypoglycemia, and dyslipidemia.
• Severe hematological issues like pancytopenia and hormonal imbalances (hypothyroidism, hypercorticism, hypogonadism) can occur.
• Refeeding syndrome is characterized by hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and thiamine deficiency.

Conclusions:

• Most abnormalities are reversible with nutritional rehabilitation and symptomatic treatment.
• Severe abnormalities, though rarer, pose significant risks and require prompt medical attention.
• Early, multidisciplinary management is crucial to prevent complications and chronicity.