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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Enhanced Catalysis under 2D Silica: A CO Oxidation Study.

Calley N Eads¹, J Anibal Boscoboinik¹, Ashley R Head¹

¹Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|January 19, 2021

Summary

A 2D silica overlayer on palladium (Pd) catalysts enhances carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation. This confinement improves CO adsorption and promotes a reactive surface oxide, boosting CO2 production rates.

Keywords:

CO oxidation chemistry in confined spaces heterogeneous catalysis microporous film two-dimensional material

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

Surface science
Heterogeneous catalysis
Nanomaterials

Background:

Interfacial confinement in 2D nanospaces modulates catalytic reaction chemistry.
2D materials and supports create unique microenvironments influencing kinetics and energetics.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the structure-activity relationship of CO oxidation on Pd(111) with and without a 2D silica overlayer.
Elucidate the mechanistic role of interfacial confinement in catalysis.

Main Methods:

In situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy
X-ray spectroscopy
Mass spectrometry
Utilized a bilayer silica overlayer on Pd(111) catalyst

Main Results:

The 2D silica overlayer induced confinement effects on surface adsorbates.
Lower and more dispersed CO adsorbate coverage with restricted geometries was observed.
Enhanced oxygen adsorption and formation of a reactive surface oxide were promoted.

Conclusions:

Interfacial confinement via 2D silica overlayers significantly benefits CO oxidation on Pd(111).
Confinement optimizes adsorbate behavior, leading to increased CO2 formation rates compared to bare Pd.