Probing cell metabolism on insulin like growth factor(IGF)-1/tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and chargeable polymers...

Cell culturing on different synthetic biomaterials would reprogram cell metabolism for adaption to their living conditions because such alterations in cell metabolism were necessary for cellular functions on them. Here we used metabolomics to uncover metabolic changes when liver cells were cultured on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and chargeable polymers co-modified biomaterials with the aim to explain their modulating effects on cell metabolism. The results showed that cell metabolism on IGF-1/TNF-α co-immobilized conjugates was significantly regulated according to their scatterings on the score plot of principal component analysis. Specifically, cell metabolisms were reprogrammed to the higher level of pyrimidine metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and the lower level of methionine salvage pathway in order to promote cell growth on IGF/TNF-α co-modified surface. Furthermore, cell senescence on PSt-PAAm-IGF/TNF-α surface was delayed through the regulation of branch amino acid metabolism and AMPK signal pathway. The research showed that metabolomics had great potential to uncover the molecular interaction between biomaterials and seeded cells, and provide the insights about cell metabolic reprogramming on IGF/TNF-α co-modified conjugates for cell growth.