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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
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Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports

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A Tumor Microenvironment Destroyer for Efficient Cancer Suppression.

Hai Yao1, Kaikai Xu1, Jiahong Zhou1

  • 1College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing (210023), China.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|January 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a multifunctional nanomedicine (ZDCMH NP) that simultaneously targets the tumor microenvironment (TME) using photodynamic therapy, CO-releasing, and cancer-associated fibroblast inhibition. This multi-pronged approach enhances therapeutic efficacy for solid tumors.

Keywords:
cancer associated fibroblastscarbon monoxidephotodynamic therapytriggered drug releasetumor extracellular matrix

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A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors
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A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication
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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanomedicine
  • Cancer Therapy

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly impacts anticancer treatment outcomes.
  • Developing strategies to disrupt the TME is crucial for improving cancer therapy effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a multifunctional nanomedicine (ZDCMH NP) for simultaneous TME destruction.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy of the developed nanomedicine.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ZDCMH NPs by co-loading zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), bromopentacarbonylmanganese(I) (COMn), and losartan (Dup) into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with a hyaluronic acid (HA) shell.
  • Investigating the synergistic effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT), carbon monoxide (CO) release, and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) inhibition.
  • Assessing the degradation of the HA shell by hyaluronidase (HAase) for triggered drug release and enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.

Main Results:

  • ZDCMH NPs demonstrated efficient TME disruption through ROS generation, CO release, and CAF inhibition.
  • The HA shell degradation facilitated drug release and promoted deep tumor penetration.
  • Combined therapeutic strategies significantly improved the photodynamic therapy efficiency of ZnPc.

Conclusions:

  • Multifunctional nanomedicine offers a promising strategy for overcoming TME-related challenges in cancer therapy.
  • Simultaneous targeting of multiple TME components enhances the overall therapeutic outcome.
  • ZDCMH NPs show potential for improving the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in solid tumors.