Pediatric keratoconus - Current perspectives and clinical challenges

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Corneal diseases
• Pediatric eye care

Background:

• Keratoconus is a progressive ectatic corneal disease causing vision impairment.
• Pediatric keratoconus presents unique challenges due to accelerated progression and co-morbidities.
• This condition significantly impacts children's quality of life, social integration, and education.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of pediatric keratoconus.
• To highlight the clinical challenges in diagnosing and managing pediatric keratoconus.
• To review current management strategies and perspectives for pediatric keratoconus.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on pediatric keratoconus.
• Analysis of epidemiological data and disease progression patterns.
• Evaluation of current treatment modalities and their outcomes.

Main Results:

• Pediatric keratoconus is more aggressive than adult forms, necessitating distinct management approaches.
• Early detection and collagen crosslinking are crucial for arresting disease progression.
• Associated ocular conditions, like severe allergic conjunctivitis, complicate treatment and management.

Conclusions:

• Timely intervention with collagen crosslinking is vital for preserving vision in pediatric keratoconus.
• Comprehensive management considering co-morbidities and patient compliance is essential.
• While keratoplasty offers good outcomes, managing post-operative complications requires attention.