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COVID-19-Related Potential Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Childhood in a Neonate Presenting as Persistent

Rekha Khaund Borkotoky1, Puja Banerjee Barua1, Siba Prosad Paul1,2

  • 1From the Department of Pediatrics, Apollo Hospitals (Unit: International Hospital), Guwahati, Assam, India.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|January 19, 2021
PubMed

Insights

This study documents a rare case of neonatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) potentially caused by passive antibody transfer from the mother. The infant showed MIS-C symptoms despite negative COVID-19 tests.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a serious condition.
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but severe post-infectious complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Neonatal cases of MIS-C are exceptionally uncommon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first suspected case of neonatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following passive maternal antibody transfer.
  • To investigate the clinical presentation and immunological findings in a neonate with MIS-C.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case report of a term infant presenting with PPHN and subsequent MIS-C features.
  • Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG, IgM) in mother and infant.
  • Repeated COVID-19 PCR testing on the infant.

Main Results:

  • A term infant developed PPHN and clinical/laboratory features consistent with MIS-C between 12-14 days of life.
  • Both mother and infant were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG but negative for IgM.
  • Infant's COVID-19 PCR tests were repeatedly negative.

Conclusions:

  • This case suggests a possible link between passive maternal SARS-CoV-2 antibody transfer and the development of neonatal MIS-C.
  • Further research is needed to understand the role of maternal antibodies in neonatal MIS-C pathogenesis.

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