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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy.

Sylvain Rheims1,2,3, Stephane Auvin4,5

  • 1Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 1 University.

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in epilepsy patients. Standard ADHD treatments, like methylphenidate, are safe and effective, improving symptoms without increasing seizure risk.

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A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with epilepsy.
  • This comorbidity presents significant psychosocial and academic challenges for patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence guiding the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in epilepsy patients.
  • To highlight the prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic options for comorbid ADHD and epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ADHD and epilepsy comorbidity.
  • Analysis of prevalence data, diagnostic tools (DSM-IV, DSM-V), and treatment outcomes.
  • Evaluation of medication safety, particularly methylphenidate, in epilepsy patients.

Main Results:

  • ADHD prevalence ranges from 12% in new epilepsy cases to 70% in drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • Diagnosis relies on validated rating scales and clinical interviews.
  • Methylphenidate improves ADHD symptoms in 60-75% of patients and does not increase seizure risk.
  • Multidisciplinary care and transition clinics are recommended.

Conclusions:

  • Management of ADHD in epilepsy requires evidence-based diagnosis and treatment.
  • Standard ADHD treatments are safe and effective for patients with epilepsy.
  • Integrated care approaches are essential for optimal patient outcomes.