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The Association Between Five Factor Model Personality Traits and Verbal and Numeric Reasoning.

Angelina R Sutin1, Yannick Stephan2, Martina Luchetti1

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Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition
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Personality traits influence reasoning abilities. Higher Neuroticism correlates with poorer reasoning, while Openness is linked to better verbal skills. Introverts surprisingly showed better reasoning performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • The Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits are known to influence basic cognitive functions and late-life cognitive impairment risk.
  • However, their association with complex cognitive functions like reasoning across adulthood remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between FFM personality traits and complex reasoning abilities (verbal and numeric) in adults.
  • To determine if personality traits predict performance on reasoning tasks across diverse adult age groups.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted using data from seven independent samples.
  • The study examined the association between FFM traits (Neuroticism, Openness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness) and performance on verbal and numeric reasoning tasks.
  • Total sample sizes were N=39,177 for verbal reasoning and N=76,388 for numeric reasoning.

Main Results:

  • Higher Neuroticism was modestly associated with worse verbal and numeric reasoning performance.
  • Openness was linked to better verbal reasoning but showed no association with numeric reasoning.
  • Extraversion was modestly associated with worse performance in both reasoning domains; Conscientiousness and Agreeableness were largely unrelated to reasoning.
  • Significant heterogeneity was observed across samples, with limited moderation by age or sex.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroticism is globally related to poorer reasoning performance, while Openness is associated with enhanced verbal abilities.
  • The finding that introverts exhibit better reasoning than extraverts was unexpected.
  • The positive association between Conscientiousness and general cognition does not extend to reasoning, suggesting its role in cognitive aging may be through basic, rather than complex, cognitive functions.