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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Long-Term Health Impacts of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection on Offspring
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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Developmental Programming.

Anne H Y Chu1, Keith M Godfrey2

  • 1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.

Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
|January 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnancy increases offspring

Keywords:
Developmental origins of health and diseaseEpigeneticsGestational diabetesLife course epidemiologyNon-communicable disease

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves increased insulin resistance for nutrient transfer.
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 1 in 6 pregnancies globally.
  • GDM results from insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the long-term health implications of in utero GDM exposure on offspring.
  • To explore GDM's impact on offspring obesity, cardiometabolic health, microbiome, and immune function.
  • To examine GDM's potential effects on neurodevelopment and cognitive outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiologic studies and systematic reviews.
  • Analysis of animal and human studies on epigenetic modifications.
  • Review of epigenome-wide association studies linking maternal diabetes to childhood adiposity.

Main Results:

  • GDM exposure in utero is linked to adverse offspring health outcomes.
  • Maternal obesity can influence GDM's effect on offspring.
  • Epigenetic modifications play a role in offspring health predispositions.
  • DNA methylation marks are associated with childhood adiposity.

Conclusions:

  • Improving glucose and weight control before or during early pregnancy may reduce offspring risks.
  • GDM's effects on offspring microbiome and immune function require further research.
  • Epigenetic marks offer potential for diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.
  • Longitudinal studies are crucial to understand GDM's causality and optimize future generations' health.