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Intrinsic Antibacterial Borosilicate Glasses for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications.

João S Fernandes1,2, Margarida Martins1,2, Nuno M Neves1,2

  • 13B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal.

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Summary

Novel borosilicate bioactive glasses (BBGs) exhibit both bioactivity and antibacterial properties. BBG-Sr demonstrated significant antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, making them promising for bone tissue engineering.

Keywords:
Mg-containing glassesSr-containing glassesantibacterial activityborosilicate bioactive glassesglass modifiers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Bioactive glasses (BBGs) are crucial for bone tissue engineering due to their ability to bond with bone.
  • Developing BBGs with intrinsic antibacterial properties is essential to prevent infections in orthopedic implants.
  • Current BBGs often lack potent antibacterial activity, necessitating combination therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel borosilicate bioactive glasses (BBGs) with varying modifiers (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+).
  • To evaluate the bioactivity, including apatite formation, and antibacterial efficacy of the developed BBGs.
  • To assess the cytotoxicity of the BBGs against Saos-2 cells for bone tissue engineering applications.

Main Methods:

  • Melt-quenching technique used for BBG synthesis; amorphous nature confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
  • Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) for surface analysis after simulated body fluid immersion.
  • Bacterial assays against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cytotoxicity tests on Saos-2 cells.

Main Results:

  • All synthesized BBGs showed apatite-like structure formation after 7 days in simulated body fluid, indicating bioactivity.
  • BBG-Mg and BBG-Sr exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a dose-dependent manner.
  • BBG-Sr demonstrated bacteriostatic effects at 9 mg/mL and bactericidal effects at concentrations ≥18 mg/mL.
  • Developed BBGs showed no significant cytotoxicity against Saos-2 cells, with BBG-Ca and BBG-Sr outperforming 45S5 Bioglass up to 7 days.

Conclusions:

  • Novel BBGs can be designed to possess both bioactivity and intrinsic antibacterial properties.
  • The composition, concentration, and bacterial species influence the antibacterial activity of BBGs.
  • These BBGs show great potential for bone tissue engineering applications requiring enhanced infection control.