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Nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) can power quantum batteries. This study demonstrates NESS as a thermodynamic resource for charging quantum batteries, showing steady operation and increased efficiency with time-periodic states.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Nanoscale energy harvesting
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Quantum systems can reach a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) when subjected to a thermal gradient, sustaining a heat current.
  • NESS are emerging as a novel thermodynamic resource at the nanoscale, alongside coherence, entanglement, and quantum measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) can be utilized as a thermodynamic resource for charging quantum batteries.
  • To investigate the charging dynamics and efficiency of a two-qubit quantum battery powered by NESS.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical and numerical studies of a two-qubit quantum battery model.
  • Simulating charging via incoherent heat flow and discharging via unitary gates.
  • Analyzing the impact of charging duration on system state and performance.

Main Results:

  • NESS can reliably charge a quantum battery, ensuring steady operation with positive power output.
  • A time-periodic steady state emerges with decreased charging duration, leading to enhanced efficiency and output power.
  • The proposed quantum battery charging mechanism is implementable across various nanotechnology platforms.

Conclusions:

  • Nonequilibrium steady states represent a viable thermodynamic resource for quantum energy storage.
  • Optimizing charging protocols, such as through time-periodic states, can significantly boost quantum battery performance.
  • The findings pave the way for practical nanoscale quantum energy harvesting devices.