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Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices
Published on: July 28, 2023
Lagrangian chaotic saddles and objective vortices in solar plasmas
Abraham C-L Chian1,2,3, Suzana S A Silva4, Erico L Rempel3,4
1Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
Abstract:
We report observational evidence of Lagrangian chaotic saddles in plasmas, given by the intersections of finite-time unstable and stable manifolds, using an ≈22h sequence of spacecraft images of the horizontal velocity field of solar photosphere. A set of 29 persistent objective vortices with lifetimes varying from 28.5 to 298.3 min are detected by computing the Lagrangian averaged vorticity deviation. The unstable manifold of the Lagrangian chaotic saddles computed for ≈11h exhibits twisted folding motions indicative of recurring vortices in a magnetic mixed-polarity region. We show that the persistent objective vortices are formed in the gap regions of Lagrangian chaotic saddles at supergranular junctions.
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