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Updated: Nov 20, 2025

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Association of First-Week Nutrient Intake and Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Moderately Preterm Infants: A

Marine Baillat1, Vanessa Pauly2, Gina Dagau3

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Hôpital La Conception, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France.

Nutrients
|January 20, 2021
PubMed

Insights

First-week nutrition is crucial for moderate preterm infants. Insufficient energy and protein intake by day 7 of life significantly increases the risk of extrauterine growth restriction, highlighting the need for early nutritional support.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Growth Monitoring

Background:

  • Moderate preterm (MP) infants (32-35 weeks gestational age) are at risk for suboptimal growth.
  • Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is a common complication in preterm neonates.
  • Early nutrition significantly impacts neonatal development and growth outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between first-week nutrition intake and neonatal growth in MP infants.
  • To identify specific nutritional factors influencing extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR).
  • To determine the impact of energy and protein intake on weight gain in the neonatal period.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective data collection on nutrition and morbidity in 735 MP infants.
  • Multivariable regression analysis to identify factors associated with EUGR.
  • Definition of EUGR as a >1 standard deviation decrease in weight z-score during hospitalization.

Main Results:

  • 18.8% of MP infants experienced EUGR.
  • Infants with EUGR had significantly lower energy (15%) and protein (35%) intake on day of life 7 (DoL7).
  • Increased energy and protein intake on DoL7 were associated with reduced odds of EUGR (OR 0.73 and 0.54, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Inadequate energy and protein intake in the first week negatively impacts neonatal growth in MP infants.
  • Optimizing nutritional support from birth is essential for improving weight gain.
  • Early nutritional interventions can mitigate the risk of EUGR in moderate preterm neonates.

Keywords:
energyextrauterine growth restrictiongrowthmoderately pretermnutritionpremature infantprotein

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