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Electrogastrography in Autonomous Vehicles-An Objective Method for Assessment of Motion Sickness in Simulated Driving

Timotej Gruden1, Nenad B Popović2, Kristina Stojmenova1

  • 1Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška c. 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

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Summary

Electrogastrography (EGG) can assess motion sickness in autonomous vehicles (AVs). Changes in EGG signals like dominant frequency and power spectrum density indicate sickness, helping develop mitigation strategies for passengers.

Keywords:
autonomous vehicledriving simulatorelectrogastrographymotion sicknessvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Automotive Safety

Background:

  • Autonomous vehicles (AVs) shift drivers to passenger roles, potentially increasing motion sickness.
  • Assessing and mitigating motion sickness is crucial for AV adoption and passenger comfort.
  • Electrogastrography (EGG) offers a non-invasive method to measure gastric myoelectric activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the feasibility of using electrogastrography (EGG) for assessing motion sickness in autonomous vehicles (AVs).
  • To correlate EGG signal changes with subjective reports of nausea and discomfort during simulated AV driving.
  • To identify potential EGG parameters indicative of motion sickness severity and duration.

Main Methods:

  • A high-fidelity driving simulator with a virtual reality (VR) headset was used for the study.
  • Electrogastrography (EGG) signals were recorded non-invasively using cutaneous electrodes before, during, and after simulated AV driving.
  • Participants experienced varying driving conditions (highway vs. curvy roads) and reported discomfort via a button press, followed by the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ).

Main Results:

  • Significant changes in EGG signals were observed during AV simulation, including increased dominant frequency (DF) and high power spectrum density (FSD), and decreased Crest Factor (CF).
  • Increased EGG signal amplitude and RMS values correlated with reported nausea, particularly in more dynamic driving environments.
  • Nausea reports occurred concurrently with elevated EGG amplitude, suggesting a real-time physiological response.

Conclusions:

  • Electrogastrography (EGG) shows significant potential for assessing motion sickness in autonomous vehicle (AV) passengers.
  • DF, CF, and FSD can serve as overall indicators of motion sickness.
  • EGG signal amplitude and its duration of increase are valuable short-term indicators, influenced by driving dynamics.