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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 20, 2025

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
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Pilot Study of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Cessation Methods.

Michelle Sahr1, Shelby Kelsh1, Noah Blower1

  • 1College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA.

Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study explored three Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) cessation methods for young adults. The vape-taper plus behavioral support approach showed the highest success rate for quitting vaping and nicotine.

Keywords:
cessationelectronic nicotine delivery systemsnicotine addictionvaping

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • E-cigarette use, or ENDS use, is prevalent among young adults (7.6% aged 18-24 in the U.S.).
  • Effective cessation strategies for ENDS are crucial for public health.
  • Understanding factors influencing successful cessation is a key research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To pilot and compare three Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) cessation methods.
  • To assess cessation rates, motivational factors, and changes in participants after reducing vape use.
  • To identify effective strategies for young adults to quit vaping.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial pilot study involving three arms: nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) + behavioral support, vape-taper + behavioral support, and self-guided cessation.
  • Participants attended nine support appointments over six months.
  • Cessation was self-reported at 12 weeks and 6 months.

Main Results:

  • At 12 weeks, the vape-taper + behavioral support (75%) and self-guided (77.8%) arms showed higher cessation rates than NRT + behavioral support (42.9%).
  • At 6 months, the vape-taper + behavioral support arm maintained a 75% cessation rate, while NRT and self-guided arms decreased to 42.9% and 44.4%, respectively.
  • Participants identified self-control and habit formation as key to overcoming vaping urges, with behavioral support and tapering plans enhancing long-term success.

Conclusions:

  • The vape-taper plus behavioral support strategy demonstrated the most promising results for sustained vaping and nicotine cessation at six months.
  • Pharmacist-provided behavioral support and tapering plans significantly improved long-term cessation outcomes.
  • Self-control and establishing new habits are vital for overcoming the desire to vape.