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Related Concept Videos

Breathing01:05

Breathing

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
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Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
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Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds
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Breathing Pattern Analysis in Cattle Using Infrared Thermography and Computer Vision.

Sueun Kim1, Yuichi Hidaka1

  • 1Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|January 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a non-invasive method using infrared thermography and AI to analyze cattle breathing patterns. The approach accurately detects cattle noses and visualizes breathing, offering a labor-efficient way to monitor animal health.

Keywords:
breathing patterncattle health and welfarecomputer visioninfrared thermographymachine learning

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Breathing patterns are vital signs for assessing animal health.
  • Infrared thermography offers a non-invasive method for evaluating physiological signs.
  • Current methods for analyzing thermal data for breathing patterns can be labor-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel, non-invasive method for analyzing cattle breathing patterns using infrared thermography and computer vision.
  • To integrate RGB image analysis with thermal data for enhanced breathing pattern assessment.
  • To establish an accurate and efficient method for monitoring cattle respiratory health.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Mask R-CNN for accurate detection and segmentation of the cattle nose region (region of interest) in RGB images.
  • Applied mask segmentation to corresponding infrared thermal data.
  • Calculated breathing patterns by averaging temperature values within the segmented nose region.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 76% accuracy in detecting cattle noses using Mask R-CNN.
  • The averaging temperature calculation method demonstrated the most appropriate breathing pattern visualization compared to maximum or integrated temperature methods.
  • A high correlation (R² = 0.91) was observed between the derived breathing pattern and direct thermal image observations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides an accurate, non-labor-intensive, and scalable approach for analyzing cattle breathing patterns.
  • This technique holds potential for analyzing thermal data from diverse angles, facilitating broader applications in animal health monitoring.
  • The integration of AI with non-invasive thermal imaging offers a promising tool for veterinary diagnostics and precision livestock farming.