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Brain network organization varies with time of day, not chronotype. Evening scans showed higher efficiency, suggesting sleep inertia influences brain function shortly after waking.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Network Science
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Human brain function is influenced by time of day and individual chronotypes.
  • These factors are often overlooked in neuroimaging studies.
  • Understanding temporal brain dynamics is crucial for interpreting functional connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of time of day and chronotype on whole-brain network organization.
  • To analyze resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data using network neuroscience approaches.
  • To determine if temporal variations affect brain network efficiency and local connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data from 62 participants.
  • Assessed network neuroscience metrics, including small-worldness and local graph measures.
  • Collected data during morning and evening sessions, relative to wake-up time.

Main Results:

  • Found significant effects of time of day on brain connectivity profiles.
  • Observed higher small-worldness in the evening compared to the morning session.
  • Identified changes in local graph measures, particularly in the left hemisphere and cerebellum, in the evening.

Conclusions:

  • Brain functional network architecture exhibits daily variability.
  • Time of day, rather than chronotype, significantly impacts brain network organization.
  • Early morning brain function may be influenced by sleep inertia, overriding circadian and homeostatic processes.