Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Attention Deficits in Children: A Controlled Treatment Trial with Lisdexamfetamine

Michael G Tramontana1, Jonathan W Prokop1, Edwin Williamson1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, The Village at Vanderbilt, Suite 2200, 1500 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.

Brain Sciences
|January 20, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) effectively improved attention deficits in children following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This medication demonstrated positive effects on attention, executive functioning, and behavior with minimal side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention deficits are common, persistent impairments after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • Previous research explored TBI-related attention deficits in adults.
  • Pediatric TBI populations require targeted treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) for treating attention deficits in children with TBI.
  • To extend findings from a prior adult controlled trial to a pediatric population.
  • To assess the safety and tolerability of LDX in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-titration, crossover trial.
  • Involved 20 children (10-16 years) with mild TBI and persistent attention deficits.
  • Utilized weekly safety monitoring and comprehensive neuropsychological/behavioral assessments at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements were observed in formal sustained attention testing.
  • Parent ratings indicated positive changes in attention, emotional regulation, and executive functioning.
  • LDX was generally well-tolerated, with one withdrawal due to mild anxiety.

Conclusions:

  • Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a promising treatment for attention deficits in children with TBI.
  • The findings support LDX's potential to improve cognitive and behavioral outcomes post-TBI.
  • Further research can elucidate the broader implications for TBI-related attention and executive function deficits in pediatric populations.