Physiological, Psychological and Performance-Related Changes Following Physique Competition: A Case-Series

Area of Science:

• Exercise Physiology
• Sports Nutrition
• Endocrinology

Background:

• The post-competition recovery phase in physique athletes is critical for physiological and psychological adaptation.
• Understanding changes in body composition, metabolism, and hormonal profiles is essential for athlete well-being and future performance.
• This study investigates the multifaceted changes occurring after a physique competition.

Observation:

• Seven natural physique athletes (3 male, 4 female) were monitored for 8-10 weeks post-competition.
• Key metrics included body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), total body water, sleep quality, quality of life, menstrual function, and knee extension performance.
• Hormonal levels (T3, T4, leptin) and daily macronutrient intake were also tracked.

Findings:

• Significant increases in body weight, fat mass (FM), body fat percentage, RMR, and key hormones (T3, T4, leptin) were observed at the group level.
• Relative increases in FM were positively associated with changes in RMR and leptin levels.
• Leptin levels were also directly associated with changes in RMR, suggesting a metabolic interplay.

Implications:

• Recovery from physique competitions involves substantial physiological shifts, including increased adiposity and altered metabolic rate.
• Individual recovery trajectories vary, potentially influenced by post-competition nutritional and training strategies.
• Further research is needed to elucidate personalized recovery protocols for physique athletes.