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Mitochondrial Functionality in Inflammatory Pathology-Modulatory Role of Physical Activity
Rafael A Casuso1, Jesús R Huertas1
1Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 20, 2021
Summary
Moderate exercise combats metabolic diseases by reducing inflammation and enhancing immune cell function. These adaptations, driven by mitochondrial signaling in muscles, also bolster defenses against viral infections like COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Metabolic diseases are linked to increased systemic inflammation (inflammaging), potentially involving mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS).
- Moderate exercise is known to mitigate metabolic pathologies by modulating immunometabolism and reducing inflammation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review how exercise influences immunometabolism within skeletal muscles.
- To explore the role of mitochondrial signaling in regulating macrophage function during exercise.
- To discuss exercise-induced adaptations that enhance immune response to viral infections.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on exercise, immunometabolism, and mitochondrial function.
- Analysis of mechanisms by which exercise alters immune cell metabolism, particularly macrophages.
- Examination of exercise's impact on immune cell circulation and function.
Main Results:
- Exercise reduces systemic inflammation and improves immune cell metabolism, thereby combating metabolic diseases.
- Mitochondrial signaling in contracting muscles plays a crucial role in exercise-induced immunometabolic adaptations.
- Exercise enhances the body's ability to fight viral infections, including SARS-CoV, by increasing circulating immune cells.
Conclusions:
- Exercise-induced immunometabolic adaptations are key to preventing and managing metabolic diseases.
- Mitochondrial adaptations triggered by exercise offer protection against viral infections.
- Public health strategies should consider the immune-boosting effects of moderate exercise for pandemic preparedness.
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