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Uganda's increasing dependence on development partner's support for immunization - a five year resource tracking

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Summary

Immunization funding in Uganda quadrupled from 2012-2016, with increasing reliance on external partners like Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, raising sustainability concerns. Operationalizing the immunization fund and mobilizing domestic resources are crucial for financial sustainability.

Keywords:
Financial flowsFinancingGaviImmunizationResource trackingSustainabilityUganda

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Public Health Financing
  • Immunization Programs

Background:

  • Uganda faces challenges in collecting accurate data on immunization investments.
  • Reliable financial data is essential for effective immunization planning, financing, and resource mobilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure and describe the financial resources allocated to immunization in Uganda between 2012 and 2016.
  • To analyze immunization expenditure patterns at the sub-national level.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Systems of Health Accounts (SHA) 2011 methodology.
  • Collected data from national and sub-national public and external sources.
  • Coded, categorized, and disaggregated immunization expenditure data.

Main Results:

  • Immunization funding increased fourfold, from US$20.4 million in 2012 to US$85.6 million in 2016.
  • Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, became the primary contributor (59%) by 2015-2016, increasing dependence on external funding.
  • 80% of funds were spent on facility-based routine immunization, with districts and health facilities allocating significant portions of their budgets to support immunization activities.

Conclusions:

  • While external support improved vaccine coverage, over-reliance poses sustainability risks.
  • Recommendations include operationalizing the immunization fund, mobilizing domestic and private sector resources, and leveraging health financing reforms.