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The Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire: development and validation of age appropriate versions for infants

E Jansen1,2, C G Russell3, J Appleton4,5

  • 1School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia. elena.jansen@jhmi.edu.

The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
|January 20, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Researchers developed new questionnaires to track parental feeding practices in infants and toddlers. These tools measure feeding structure and responsiveness from birth to age two, aiding long-term child eating and weight studies.

Area of Science:

  • Child Nutrition and Development
  • Parenting and Family Studies
  • Behavioral Pediatrics

Background:

  • Assessing parental feeding practices over time is crucial for understanding child eating behaviors and weight trajectories.
  • Existing questionnaires do not adequately track feeding practices from infancy through childhood.
  • There is a need for age-appropriate tools to measure feeding practices in early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ) for parents of infants and toddlers (under 2 years).
  • To create a measure that complements the original FPSQ for older children (2 years and above).
  • To assess parental feeding practices related to non-responsiveness and structure across childhood.

Main Methods:

  • Adapted constructs and items from the validated FPSQ for older children.
  • Reviewed existing literature on infant feeding questionnaires.
  • Developed two versions (milk feeding and solid feeding) after expert review.
  • Utilized Confirmatory Factor Analysis on data from two studies (ages 0-24 months).

Main Results:

  • The milk feeding version (18 items) and solid feeding version (21 items) demonstrated acceptable model fit and good internal reliability.
  • Four common factors were identified in both versions: feeding on demand vs. routine, using food to calm, persuasive feeding, and parent-led feeding.
  • Two additional factors for the solid feeding version (12+ months) included family meal environment and using (non-)food rewards.

Conclusions:

  • The FPSQ milk and solid feeding versions are novel measures for assessing parental feeding practices in children under two years.
  • These tools specifically address non-responsiveness and structure in early feeding practices.
  • Further validation in diverse populations is recommended.
Abstract

Keywords:
DevelopmentFeeding practicesInfantsQuestionnaireResponsive feedingStructured mealtimesToddlersValidation

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